Breast Cancer Deaths Due to Metastasis Pubmed Review

Review

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602416. eCollection 2020.

The Metabolic Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis

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• PMID: 33489906
• PMCID: PMC7817624
• DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602416

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Review

The Metabolic Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis

Lingling Wang  et al. Forepart Oncol. 2021 .

Free PMC article

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Metastasis is mainly responsible for handling failure and is the cause of most breast cancer deaths. The role of metabolism in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer is gradually being emphasized. Still, the regulatory mechanisms that cabal to cancer metastasis by metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer accept non been expounded. Breast cancer cells exhibit different metabolic phenotypes depending on their molecular subtypes and metastatic sites. Both intrinsic factors, such as MYC amplification, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations, and extrinsic factors, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and acidosis, contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes in metastatic breast cancers. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis volition provide of import clues to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Keywords: chest cancer; glycolysis; hypoxia; metabolic phenotypes; metabolism; metastasis; molecular mechanisms.

Copyright © 2021 Wang, Zhang and Wang.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the enquiry was conducted in the absence of any commercial or fiscal relationships that could be construed equally a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Metabolic pathways in breast cancer cells. Chest cancer cells enhance metabolism of glucose, amino acrid lipid by regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Breast tumor cells mainly employ aerobic glycolysis to produce ATP and utilize the pentose phosphate pathway to produce macromolecules such every bit NADPH. Wild-type and mutant P53 accept opposite effects in monitoring fatty acid metabolism. Hypoxia, acidosis and ROS are regarded as of import events which influence multiple metabolic pathways.

Effigy 2

Metabolic reprogramming in the metastatic pour. Metabolic reprogramming occurs at several steps of metastasis. The intravasation of cells from the primary tumor is promoted past extracellular acidification. CTCs survive in oxidative stress by producing NADPH and GSH. Cancer cells prove different metabolic characteristics based on the sites which they metastasize. Last, anabolic metabolism is reactivated during macro-metastatic tumor proliferation.

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